Artifact 4

"History of nonhuman animal research." Ipag - biomed for the layperson. 2004. January 14, 2007. <http://www.lpag.org/layperson/layperson.html#history>.

I never really wondered when animal testing started, and I was surprised to find out that it started "in the writings of Greek-philosopher-physicians of the third and fourth centuries BC."

"Aristotle (384-322 BC) was the "first to have made dissections which revealed
internal differences among animals" and Erasistratus (304-258 BC) was most
likely the first to perform experiments on living animals. Then, during second century Rome, a physician named Galen began to dissect animals because Church protocol did not allow human autopsies."

Animal research became more accepted and more used in the 18 and 19th centuries.

"It is estimated that the number of rats and mice used in research has been
increasing by approximately 20% per year since the use of transgenic models
(nonhuman animals whose genes contain genetic material from other species) began
and this trend is expected to continue."

It is estimated that the number of rats and mice used since the use of nonhuman animals has increased about 20 percent per year, and that's a lot.

1. how many animals, not just rats and mice, are used anually for animal testing all over the world?
2. how about just in the United States?